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phpoption/src/PhpOption/None.php 0000644 00000004661 14736103344 0012717 0 ustar 00 <?php
/*
* Copyright 2012 Johannes M. Schmitt <schmittjoh@gmail.com>
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
namespace PhpOption;
use EmptyIterator;
/**
* @extends Option<mixed>
*/
final class None extends Option
{
/** @var None|null */
private static $instance;
/**
* @return None
*/
public static function create()
{
if (null === self::$instance) {
self::$instance = new self();
}
return self::$instance;
}
public function get()
{
throw new \RuntimeException('None has no value.');
}
public function getOrCall($callable)
{
return $callable();
}
public function getOrElse($default)
{
return $default;
}
public function getOrThrow(\Exception $ex)
{
throw $ex;
}
public function isEmpty()
{
return true;
}
public function isDefined()
{
return false;
}
public function orElse(Option $else)
{
return $else;
}
public function ifDefined($callable)
{
// Just do nothing in that case.
}
public function forAll($callable)
{
return $this;
}
public function map($callable)
{
return $this;
}
public function flatMap($callable)
{
return $this;
}
public function filter($callable)
{
return $this;
}
public function filterNot($callable)
{
return $this;
}
public function select($value)
{
return $this;
}
public function reject($value)
{
return $this;
}
public function getIterator()
{
return new EmptyIterator();
}
public function foldLeft($initialValue, $callable)
{
return $initialValue;
}
public function foldRight($initialValue, $callable)
{
return $initialValue;
}
private function __construct()
{
}
}
phpoption/src/PhpOption/Option.php 0000644 00000031751 14736103344 0013270 0 ustar 00 <?php
/*
* Copyright 2012 Johannes M. Schmitt <schmittjoh@gmail.com>
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
namespace PhpOption;
use ArrayAccess;
use IteratorAggregate;
/**
* @template T
*
* @implements IteratorAggregate<T>
*/
abstract class Option implements IteratorAggregate
{
/**
* Creates an option given a return value.
*
* This is intended for consuming existing APIs and allows you to easily
* convert them to an option. By default, we treat ``null`` as the None
* case, and everything else as Some.
*
* @template S
*
* @param S $value The actual return value.
* @param S $noneValue The value which should be considered "None"; null by
* default.
*
* @return Option<S>
*/
public static function fromValue($value, $noneValue = null)
{
if ($value === $noneValue) {
return None::create();
}
return new Some($value);
}
/**
* Creates an option from an array's value.
*
* If the key does not exist in the array, the array is not actually an
* array, or the array's value at the given key is null, None is returned.
* Otherwise, Some is returned wrapping the value at the given key.
*
* @template S
*
* @param array<string,S>|ArrayAccess<string,S>|null $array A potential array or \ArrayAccess value.
* @param string $key The key to check.
*
* @return Option<S>
*/
public static function fromArraysValue($array, $key)
{
if (!(is_array($array) || $array instanceof ArrayAccess) || !isset($array[$key])) {
return None::create();
}
return new Some($array[$key]);
}
/**
* Creates a lazy-option with the given callback.
*
* This is also a helper constructor for lazy-consuming existing APIs where
* the return value is not yet an option. By default, we treat ``null`` as
* None case, and everything else as Some.
*
* @template S
*
* @param callable $callback The callback to evaluate.
* @param array $arguments The arguments for the callback.
* @param S $noneValue The value which should be considered "None";
* null by default.
*
* @return LazyOption<S>
*/
public static function fromReturn($callback, array $arguments = [], $noneValue = null)
{
return new LazyOption(function () use ($callback, $arguments, $noneValue) {
/** @var mixed */
$return = call_user_func_array($callback, $arguments);
if ($return === $noneValue) {
return None::create();
}
return new Some($return);
});
}
/**
* Option factory, which creates new option based on passed value.
*
* If value is already an option, it simply returns. If value is callable,
* LazyOption with passed callback created and returned. If Option
* returned from callback, it returns directly. On other case value passed
* to Option::fromValue() method.
*
* @template S
*
* @param Option<S>|callable|S $value
* @param S $noneValue Used when $value is mixed or
* callable, for None-check.
*
* @return Option<S>|LazyOption<S>
*/
public static function ensure($value, $noneValue = null)
{
if ($value instanceof self) {
return $value;
} elseif (is_callable($value)) {
return new LazyOption(function () use ($value, $noneValue) {
/** @var mixed */
$return = $value();
if ($return instanceof self) {
return $return;
} else {
return self::fromValue($return, $noneValue);
}
});
} else {
return self::fromValue($value, $noneValue);
}
}
/**
* Lift a function so that it accepts Option as parameters.
*
* We return a new closure that wraps the original callback. If any of the
* parameters passed to the lifted function is empty, the function will
* return a value of None. Otherwise, we will pass all parameters to the
* original callback and return the value inside a new Option, unless an
* Option is returned from the function, in which case, we use that.
*
* @template S
*
* @param callable $callback
* @param mixed $noneValue
*
* @return callable
*/
public static function lift($callback, $noneValue = null)
{
return function () use ($callback, $noneValue) {
/** @var array<int, mixed> */
$args = func_get_args();
$reduced_args = array_reduce(
$args,
/** @param bool $status */
function ($status, self $o) {
return $o->isEmpty() ? true : $status;
},
false
);
// if at least one parameter is empty, return None
if ($reduced_args) {
return None::create();
}
$args = array_map(
/** @return T */
function (self $o) {
// it is safe to do so because the fold above checked
// that all arguments are of type Some
/** @var T */
return $o->get();
},
$args
);
return self::ensure(call_user_func_array($callback, $args), $noneValue);
};
}
/**
* Returns the value if available, or throws an exception otherwise.
*
* @throws \RuntimeException If value is not available.
*
* @return T
*/
abstract public function get();
/**
* Returns the value if available, or the default value if not.
*
* @template S
*
* @param S $default
*
* @return T|S
*/
abstract public function getOrElse($default);
/**
* Returns the value if available, or the results of the callable.
*
* This is preferable over ``getOrElse`` if the computation of the default
* value is expensive.
*
* @template S
*
* @param callable():S $callable
*
* @return T|S
*/
abstract public function getOrCall($callable);
/**
* Returns the value if available, or throws the passed exception.
*
* @param \Exception $ex
*
* @return T
*/
abstract public function getOrThrow(\Exception $ex);
/**
* Returns true if no value is available, false otherwise.
*
* @return bool
*/
abstract public function isEmpty();
/**
* Returns true if a value is available, false otherwise.
*
* @return bool
*/
abstract public function isDefined();
/**
* Returns this option if non-empty, or the passed option otherwise.
*
* This can be used to try multiple alternatives, and is especially useful
* with lazy evaluating options:
*
* ```php
* $repo->findSomething()
* ->orElse(new LazyOption(array($repo, 'findSomethingElse')))
* ->orElse(new LazyOption(array($repo, 'createSomething')));
* ```
*
* @param Option<T> $else
*
* @return Option<T>
*/
abstract public function orElse(self $else);
/**
* This is similar to map() below except that the return value has no meaning;
* the passed callable is simply executed if the option is non-empty, and
* ignored if the option is empty.
*
* In all cases, the return value of the callable is discarded.
*
* ```php
* $comment->getMaybeFile()->ifDefined(function($file) {
* // Do something with $file here.
* });
* ```
*
* If you're looking for something like ``ifEmpty``, you can use ``getOrCall``
* and ``getOrElse`` in these cases.
*
* @deprecated Use forAll() instead.
*
* @param callable(T):mixed $callable
*
* @return void
*/
abstract public function ifDefined($callable);
/**
* This is similar to map() except that the return value of the callable has no meaning.
*
* The passed callable is simply executed if the option is non-empty, and ignored if the
* option is empty. This method is preferred for callables with side-effects, while map()
* is intended for callables without side-effects.
*
* @param callable(T):mixed $callable
*
* @return Option<T>
*/
abstract public function forAll($callable);
/**
* Applies the callable to the value of the option if it is non-empty,
* and returns the return value of the callable wrapped in Some().
*
* If the option is empty, then the callable is not applied.
*
* ```php
* (new Some("foo"))->map('strtoupper')->get(); // "FOO"
* ```
*
* @template S
*
* @param callable(T):S $callable
*
* @return Option<S>
*/
abstract public function map($callable);
/**
* Applies the callable to the value of the option if it is non-empty, and
* returns the return value of the callable directly.
*
* In contrast to ``map``, the return value of the callable is expected to
* be an Option itself; it is not automatically wrapped in Some().
*
* @template S
*
* @param callable(T):Option<S> $callable must return an Option
*
* @return Option<S>
*/
abstract public function flatMap($callable);
/**
* If the option is empty, it is returned immediately without applying the callable.
*
* If the option is non-empty, the callable is applied, and if it returns true,
* the option itself is returned; otherwise, None is returned.
*
* @param callable(T):bool $callable
*
* @return Option<T>
*/
abstract public function filter($callable);
/**
* If the option is empty, it is returned immediately without applying the callable.
*
* If the option is non-empty, the callable is applied, and if it returns false,
* the option itself is returned; otherwise, None is returned.
*
* @param callable(T):bool $callable
*
* @return Option<T>
*/
abstract public function filterNot($callable);
/**
* If the option is empty, it is returned immediately.
*
* If the option is non-empty, and its value does not equal the passed value
* (via a shallow comparison ===), then None is returned. Otherwise, the
* Option is returned.
*
* In other words, this will filter all but the passed value.
*
* @param T $value
*
* @return Option<T>
*/
abstract public function select($value);
/**
* If the option is empty, it is returned immediately.
*
* If the option is non-empty, and its value does equal the passed value (via
* a shallow comparison ===), then None is returned; otherwise, the Option is
* returned.
*
* In other words, this will let all values through except the passed value.
*
* @param T $value
*
* @return Option<T>
*/
abstract public function reject($value);
/**
* Binary operator for the initial value and the option's value.
*
* If empty, the initial value is returned. If non-empty, the callable
* receives the initial value and the option's value as arguments.
*
* ```php
*
* $some = new Some(5);
* $none = None::create();
* $result = $some->foldLeft(1, function($a, $b) { return $a + $b; }); // int(6)
* $result = $none->foldLeft(1, function($a, $b) { return $a + $b; }); // int(1)
*
* // This can be used instead of something like the following:
* $option = Option::fromValue($integerOrNull);
* $result = 1;
* if ( ! $option->isEmpty()) {
* $result += $option->get();
* }
* ```
*
* @template S
*
* @param S $initialValue
* @param callable(S, T):S $callable
*
* @return S
*/
abstract public function foldLeft($initialValue, $callable);
/**
* foldLeft() but with reversed arguments for the callable.
*
* @template S
*
* @param S $initialValue
* @param callable(T, S):S $callable
*
* @return S
*/
abstract public function foldRight($initialValue, $callable);
}
phpoption/src/PhpOption/LazyOption.php 0000644 00000007547 14736103344 0014136 0 ustar 00 <?php
/*
* Copyright 2012 Johannes M. Schmitt <schmittjoh@gmail.com>
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
namespace PhpOption;
/**
* @template T
*
* @extends Option<T>
*/
final class LazyOption extends Option
{
/** @var callable(mixed...):(Option<T>) */
private $callback;
/** @var array<int, mixed> */
private $arguments;
/** @var Option<T>|null */
private $option;
/**
* @template S
* @param callable(mixed...):(Option<S>) $callback
* @param array<int, mixed> $arguments
*
* @return LazyOption<S>
*/
public static function create($callback, array $arguments = [])
{
return new self($callback, $arguments);
}
/**
* @param callable(mixed...):(Option<T>) $callback
* @param array<int, mixed> $arguments
*/
public function __construct($callback, array $arguments = [])
{
if (!is_callable($callback)) {
throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid callback given');
}
$this->callback = $callback;
$this->arguments = $arguments;
}
public function isDefined()
{
return $this->option()->isDefined();
}
public function isEmpty()
{
return $this->option()->isEmpty();
}
public function get()
{
return $this->option()->get();
}
public function getOrElse($default)
{
return $this->option()->getOrElse($default);
}
public function getOrCall($callable)
{
return $this->option()->getOrCall($callable);
}
public function getOrThrow(\Exception $ex)
{
return $this->option()->getOrThrow($ex);
}
public function orElse(Option $else)
{
return $this->option()->orElse($else);
}
public function ifDefined($callable)
{
$this->option()->ifDefined($callable);
}
public function forAll($callable)
{
return $this->option()->forAll($callable);
}
public function map($callable)
{
return $this->option()->map($callable);
}
public function flatMap($callable)
{
return $this->option()->flatMap($callable);
}
public function filter($callable)
{
return $this->option()->filter($callable);
}
public function filterNot($callable)
{
return $this->option()->filterNot($callable);
}
public function select($value)
{
return $this->option()->select($value);
}
public function reject($value)
{
return $this->option()->reject($value);
}
public function getIterator()
{
return $this->option()->getIterator();
}
public function foldLeft($initialValue, $callable)
{
return $this->option()->foldLeft($initialValue, $callable);
}
public function foldRight($initialValue, $callable)
{
return $this->option()->foldRight($initialValue, $callable);
}
/**
* @return Option<T>
*/
private function option()
{
if (null === $this->option) {
$this->option = call_user_func_array($this->callback, $this->arguments);
if (!$this->option instanceof Option) {
$this->option = null;
throw new \RuntimeException(sprintf('Expected instance of \%s', Option::class));
}
}
return $this->option;
}
}
phpoption/src/PhpOption/Some.php 0000644 00000006206 14736103344 0012720 0 ustar 00 <?php
/*
* Copyright 2012 Johannes M. Schmitt <schmittjoh@gmail.com>
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
namespace PhpOption;
use ArrayIterator;
/**
* @template T
*
* @extends Option<T>
*/
final class Some extends Option
{
/** @var T */
private $value;
/**
* @param T $value
*/
public function __construct($value)
{
$this->value = $value;
}
/**
* @template U
*
* @param U $value
*
* @return Some<U>
*/
public static function create($value)
{
return new self($value);
}
public function isDefined()
{
return true;
}
public function isEmpty()
{
return false;
}
public function get()
{
return $this->value;
}
public function getOrElse($default)
{
return $this->value;
}
public function getOrCall($callable)
{
return $this->value;
}
public function getOrThrow(\Exception $ex)
{
return $this->value;
}
public function orElse(Option $else)
{
return $this;
}
public function ifDefined($callable)
{
$callable($this->value);
}
public function forAll($callable)
{
$callable($this->value);
return $this;
}
public function map($callable)
{
return new self($callable($this->value));
}
public function flatMap($callable)
{
$rs = $callable($this->value);
if (!$rs instanceof Option) {
throw new \RuntimeException('Callables passed to flatMap() must return an Option. Maybe you should use map() instead?');
}
return $rs;
}
public function filter($callable)
{
if (true === $callable($this->value)) {
return $this;
}
return None::create();
}
public function filterNot($callable)
{
if (false === $callable($this->value)) {
return $this;
}
return None::create();
}
public function select($value)
{
if ($this->value === $value) {
return $this;
}
return None::create();
}
public function reject($value)
{
if ($this->value === $value) {
return None::create();
}
return $this;
}
public function getIterator()
{
return new ArrayIterator([$this->value]);
}
public function foldLeft($initialValue, $callable)
{
return $callable($initialValue, $this->value);
}
public function foldRight($initialValue, $callable)
{
return $callable($this->value, $initialValue);
}
}
phpoption/README.md 0000644 00000014665 14736103344 0010064 0 ustar 00 # PHP Option Type
This package implements the Option type for PHP!
<p align="center">
<a href="https://travis-ci.org/schmittjoh/php-option"><img src="https://img.shields.io/travis/schmittjoh/php-option/master.svg?style=flat-square" alt="Build Status"></img></a>
<a href="https://scrutinizer-ci.com/g/schmittjoh/php-option"><img src="https://img.shields.io/scrutinizer/g/schmittjoh/php-option.svg?style=flat-square" alt="Quality Score"></img></a>
<a href="LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache%202.0-brightgreen.svg?style=flat-square" alt="Software License"></img></a>
<a href="https://packagist.org/packages/phpoption/phpoption"><img src="https://img.shields.io/packagist/dt/phpoption/phpoption.svg?style=flat-square" alt="Total Downloads"></img></a>
<a href="https://github.com/schmittjoh/php-option/releases"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/release/schmittjoh/php-option.svg?style=flat-square" alt="Latest Version"></img></a>
</p>
## Motivation
The Option type is intended for cases where you sometimes might return a value
(typically an object), and sometimes you might return a base value (typically
null) depending on arguments, or other runtime factors.
Often times, you forget to handle the case where a base value should be
returned. Not intentionally of course, but maybe you did not account for all
possible states of the system; or maybe you indeed covered all cases, then time
goes on, code is refactored, some of these your checks might become invalid, or
incomplete. Suddenly, without noticing, the base value case is not handled
anymore. As a result, you might sometimes get fatal PHP errors telling you that
you called a method on a non-object; users might see blank pages, or worse.
On one hand, the Option type forces a developer to consciously think about both
cases (returning a value, or returning a base value). That in itself will
already make your code more robust. On the other hand, the Option type also
allows the API developer to provide more concise API methods, and empowers the
API user in how he consumes these methods.
## Installation
Installation is super-easy via [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/):
```bash
$ composer require phpoption/phpoption
```
or add it by hand to your `composer.json` file.
## Usage
### Using the Option Type in your API
```php
class MyRepository
{
public function findSomeEntity($criteria)
{
if (null !== $entity = $this->em->find(...)) {
return new \PhpOption\Some($entity);
}
// We use a singleton, for the None case.
return \PhpOption\None::create();
}
}
```
If you are consuming an existing library, you can also use a shorter version
which by default treats ``null`` as ``None``, and everything else as ``Some`` case:
```php
class MyRepository
{
public function findSomeEntity($criteria)
{
return \PhpOption\Option::fromValue($this->em->find(...));
// or, if you want to change the none value to false for example:
return \PhpOption\Option::fromValue($this->em->find(...), false);
}
}
```
### Case 1: You always Require an Entity in Calling Code
```php
$entity = $repo->findSomeEntity(...)->get(); // returns entity, or throws exception
```
### Case 2: Fallback to Default Value If Not Available
```php
$entity = $repo->findSomeEntity(...)->getOrElse(new Entity());
// Or, if you want to lazily create the entity.
$entity = $repo->findSomeEntity(...)->getOrCall(function() {
return new Entity();
});
```
## More Examples
### No More Boiler Plate Code
```php
// Before
if (null === $entity = $this->findSomeEntity()) {
throw new NotFoundException();
}
echo $entity->name;
// After
echo $this->findSomeEntity()->get()->name;
```
### No More Control Flow Exceptions
```php
// Before
try {
$entity = $this->findSomeEntity();
} catch (NotFoundException $ex) {
$entity = new Entity();
}
// After
$entity = $this->findSomeEntity()->getOrElse(new Entity());
```
### More Concise Null Handling
```php
// Before
$entity = $this->findSomeEntity();
if (null === $entity) {
return new Entity();
}
return $entity;
// After
return $this->findSomeEntity()->getOrElse(new Entity());
```
### Trying Multiple Alternative Options
If you'd like to try multiple alternatives, the ``orElse`` method allows you to
do this very elegantly:
```php
return $this->findSomeEntity()
->orElse($this->findSomeOtherEntity())
->orElse($this->createEntity());
```
The first option which is non-empty will be returned. This is especially useful
with lazy-evaluated options, see below.
### Lazy-Evaluated Options
The above example has the flaw that we would need to evaluate all options when
the method is called which creates unnecessary overhead if the first option is
already non-empty.
Fortunately, we can easily solve this by using the ``LazyOption`` class:
```php
return $this->findSomeEntity()
->orElse(new LazyOption(array($this, 'findSomeOtherEntity')))
->orElse(new LazyOption(array($this, 'createEntity')));
```
This way, only the options that are necessary will actually be evaluated.
## Performance Considerations
Of course, performance is important. Attached is a performance benchmark which
you can run on a machine of your choosing.
The overhead incurred by the Option type comes down to the time that it takes to
create one object, our wrapper. Also, we need to perform one additional method call
to retrieve the value from the wrapper.
* Overhead: Creation of 1 Object, and 1 Method Call
* Average Overhead per Invocation (some case/value returned): 0.000000761s (that is 761 nano seconds)
* Average Overhead per Invocation (none case/null returned): 0.000000368s (that is 368 nano seconds)
The benchmark was run under Ubuntu precise with PHP 5.4.6. As you can see the
overhead is surprisingly low, almost negligible.
So in conclusion, unless you plan to call a method thousands of times during a
request, there is no reason to stick to the ``object|null`` return value; better give
your code some options!
## Security
If you discover a security vulnerability within this package, please send an email to one of the security contacts. All security vulnerabilities will be promptly addressed. You may view our full security policy [here](https://github.com/schmittjoh/php-option/security/policy).
## License
PHP Option Type is licensed under [Apache License 2.0](LICENSE).
phpoption/LICENSE 0000644 00000026134 14736103344 0007604 0 ustar 00 Apache License
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